Discussion on electrical matching design of fire door

Fire doors are generally located on fire compartments, partitions or evacuation passages.All must have self-closing or sequential closing functions, and must be in case of fireIn the closed state. According to the opening and closing mode, it is usually divided into normally closed type and normally open type There are two types of types. Normally open fire doors are usually in an open state, and must be in case of fire Subject to automatic shutdown. By consulting the construction profession and the manufacturer professionalVerify that the self-closing and sequential closing functions of normally closed fire doors are generalIt can be implemented separately through mechanical door closers or mechanical sequencers, without the need for lectrical controls; Unless specially required, normally closed fire doors are generally not required To set up condition monitoring. Associated with electrical specialty requires supporting design Of, usually normally open fire doors (fire control and signal feedback) and Safety control and alarm escape door lock system (normally closed type, needs to be equipped with an eliminator Anti-control and signal feedback).

In recent years, the promulgated and implemented fire protection design codes have implemented safe evacuation Some new regulations are issued. In order to facilitate discussion, the current fire protection design code will be changed Summary of relevant provisions related to fire door setting and electrical supporting design See Table

1.Many local people's congresses and government fire protection functional departmentsIn recent years, some local fire protection regulations or normative documents have been promulgated and implemented one after another Documents, and included in the fire audit content of the local fire protection functional department. According to Fire doors are generally located on fire compartments, partitions or evacuation passages.
All must have self-closing or sequential closing functions, and must be in case of fire
In the closed state. According to the opening and closing mode, it is usually divided into normally closed type and normally open type

There are two types of types. Normally open fire doors are usually in an open state, and must be in case of fireSubject to automatic shutdown. By consulting the construction profession and the manufacturer professionalVerify that the self-closing and sequential closing functions of normally closed fire doors are general

It can be implemented separately through mechanical door closers or mechanical sequencers, without the need for Electrical controls; Unless specially required, normally closed fire doors are generally not required To set up condition monitoring. Associated with electrical specialty requires supporting design Of, usually normally open fire doors (fire control and signal feedback) andSafety control and alarm escape door lock system (normally closed type, needs to be equipped with an eliminator Anti-control and signal feedback). In recent years, the promulgated and implemented fire protection design codes have implemented safe evacuation
Some new regulations are issued. In order to facilitate discussion, the current fire protection design code will be changed
Summary of relevant provisions related to fire door setting and electrical supporting design
See Table 1.
Many local people's congresses and government fire protection functional departments
In recent years, some local fire protection regulations or normative documents have been promulgated and implemented one after another
Documents, and included in the fire audit content of the local fire protection functional department. According to

1 Analysis and summary

By analyzing the above current norms and regulations, the following preliminary understanding can be drawn.

1.1 The requirements for electronic control of normally open fire doors are unified and clearAccording to the current codes and local regulations, normally open fire doors should be able to It turns off by itself in case of fire and should have the function of signal feedback. The regulations are very Clear and consistent.

1.2 The current specifications are unclear on the setting scope of normally open fire doorsClear and unambiguous In addition to building atriums, underground shops, firewalls, current regulationsThe doors, windows and evacuation walkways should be equipped with normally open fire protection in the fire zone Doors and windows; Civil air defense basement is used for defense of evacuation walkways, stairwells and front rooms
Fire doors should be normally closed fire doors. In addition to clear regulations, for buildings Common fire doors in stairwells, fire elevator front rooms and shared front rooms
Whether normally open fire doors should be used is neither specified nor clearly constructedPrinciples of selection of normally closed and normally open fire doors in buildings.

1.3 Some local fire protection regulations have increased the setting of normally open fire doorsScope In some situations with a large flow of people, due to the normally closed fire doors It is easy to be artificially placed in a fixed open state during daily use. In case of fire Closure is not guaranteed, maySeriously affects fire safety To cause serious consequences Compared with the current national defense Fire design specifications, some places Fire protection regulations issued one after another Or normative documents, for normally open Place of installation of type fire door There are some clear, specific and even Mandatory reinforcement rules Fixed, greatly increasing the normally open type
Specifications for use of fire doors Enclosure. For example: Xiamen City Regulations
High-rise residential building "in front of fire elevator The doors of the rooms and shared front rooms should be adopted Use normally open fire doors "; Blessing States and cities in the aforementioned public buildingsMandatory use of normally open type in construction Fire doors; Zhejiang Ruian City Planning Determine the "usual needs on the evacuation passage"To be normally open or frequently open Fire doors should be normally open for fire protection Door Requirements Settings ".

1.4 Safety control and reportingPolice escape door lock system

Safety Control and Alarm Escape door lock system, actual Above is a normal situation Isolation from the outside world to meet safety Prevention requirements, can be protected in case of fire A new type of normally closed for open evacuation Type fire door. The application of this system It is still used in the current fire protection code Not seen expression. Since it has been made by The Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security "About Promoting Widely used safety control and alarm New technology of escape door lock system Notice "is promoted nationwide, each Provincial, prefectural and municipal fire departments There are corresponding supporting promotions everywhere

Implementation documents, design can refer to the regulations of Fujian Provincial Public Security Fire Brigade documents
Set place scope.

2 Electrical supporting design of fire door

Setting of fire doors in buildings and grades of fire doors (A, B, C)Level), type (normally open or normally closed type), and where specific parts are installedIn principle, the safety control and alarm escape door lock system should be provided by the construction specialist According to relevant building functions, relevant specifications and fire protection audits The opinion is confirmed, and the electrical major is responsible for the supporting design.

2.1 The type of fire door should be clarified

Because the provisions on the types of fire doors in the current specifications are not clear enough andSome local fire protection regulations vary greatly, and some architects have some local The collection of fire protection regulations is not timely, the understanding and mastery are not sufficient, and many construction workers Cheng Due to the violation of the fire door setting Fire regulations, causing building and electricity Rework and rectification of gas professional drawings. Electricity The gas designer should classify the type of fire door Type recognition as a collection from the construction profession Collect important contents of data, in addition to Should cooperate with the construction specialty according to the engineering properties Quality and relevant norms and regulations of the region where it is located In addition to correct design, we should also deal with architectural specialists The industrial fire door setting plan is necessary Review, and require the architecture profession to In the floor view and door and window table, the type Is a normally open fire door or safety controlFire prevention with alarm escape door lock system The door is clearly marked.

2.2 Electronic control requirements for fire doors

2.2. 1 Normally open fire door

Normally open fire door according to its function

If required, all are equipped with fire door electromagnetsReleaser and its controller + ordinary machine Mechanical door closer or sequencer-electromagnetic release The amplifier power supply is usually DC24V, Generally provided by the Fire Control Center
Only the operating current of the electromagnetic release is less than0.3 A, power-on time less than 0.5Seconds, control coil after fire door release The circuit was automatically cut off because of fire protection The door is generally linked by a smoke probe, and the Dolly fire door rate is closed at the same time Small, so it generally has little impact on the DC external control power supply. When controlled When there are many fire doors, the capacity of external control power supply and line cross section should be increased.When resetting the normally open fire door, the release body should generally be pressed first
Press the reset button on, and then manually push the fire door to reset. Fire prevention after reset
The door status signal will also be fed back to the fire control room at the same time.

2.2. 2 Fire doors equipped with safety control and alarm escape door lock systems

The system mainly relies on a special push-door electromagnetic lock to realize its functions. Push Door-type electromagnetic lock usually locks the normally closed fire door and requires a key to get through Line, so as to play the role of safety precautions. Set up a fire protection linkage model on site In case of fire alarm, the fire control room operates the linkage of the site through the manual control line Module, open the push port of the lock by opening the push door solenoid valve, and open The lock confirmation signal is fed back to the fire control room. Escape personnel in case of emergency

It can push open the fire door for emergency escape by itself, thus realizing fire protection and security Combine.

2.3 Discussion on electrical supporting design of fire door

According to the Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System, Normally Open Fire ProtectionFire detectors should be installed on both sides of the door; Fire detectors on either side of the door After the alarm, the fire door should automatically close. "Regulations for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" The "Standard" also stipulates that smoke detectors should be installed on both sides. When smoke detectors on either side of the door After the detector alarms, the fire door should automatically close. Because the normally open fire door It is a key facility related to personal and building safety, and keep a high alert It is necessary to shut down the fire alarm as soon as there is a fire alarm.
Some designers are designing normally open fire door fire detectors When applying the setting principles of fire roller shutter fire detectors, the author believes that This approach is inappropriate because normally open fire doors and evacuation passages The requirements for the phased lowering action of the fire roller shutter are obviously different.

2.3. 1 Electrical equipment of fire doors equipped with fire alarm systems in buildings
Sleeve design

2.3. 1.1 Normally open fire door

Smoke detectors should be installed on both sides of the door, and the detectors should be connected to the prevention After the fire door releases the controller, it is connected to the fire control bus to realize the linkage Seek

Normally open fire doors in civil buildings are generally swing doors. Single doors
Fashion is equipped with a fire door release and a linkage module, double-fan fashion is equipped with twoOne fire door release and two linkage modules. Double or multiple leaves are only required Configure a set of fire door release controller.

The fire door release controller is generally exposed, and the junction box should be installed at any Above the side door, it is recommended to be 200mm away from the top of the door. Connect with the fire control system

It is recommended to adopt ZB-RVS 2 × 1. 0 (signal) + NH-RVS 2 × 2. 5(Power supply). The linkage module should be installed next to the controller. 2.3. 1.2 Equipped with safety control and alarm escape door lock system Fire door

Linkage safety control and alarm escape door lock system production should be adopted Product, whether the fire door equipped with electromagnetic lock escape door lock system requires emergency response Automatic opening should be determined by the fire control center based on the fire alarm confirmation situation, andIssue emergency unlocking instructions separately. The author does not recommend locking the escape door system Directly linked with the fire detector near the fire door. The fire control center should be set upOpen the door directly by hand control, and the opening signal can be connected to the signal monitoring module.

Installation of fire door release controller and connection to fire control system Same as section 2.3. 1.1.When using products without electromagnetic locks, only one signal monitor needs to be set up The visual module feeds back the door opening status signal to the fire control system.

2.3. 2 Electrical of fire doors in buildings without fire alarm systems

Supporting designBuildings that do not require comprehensive fire alarm systems according to current specificationsIn, if the building is designed professionally, or according to the review opinions of the local fire department Please configure a normally open fire door or a safety control and alarm escape door lock When opening the fire door of the system, it is recommended that the electrical professional do the following treatment.

2.3. 2.1 Normally open fire door

It is recommended to refer to the treatment method of fire roller shutters and set up local fire reports Alarm linkage device, special smoke detectors should be installed on both sides of the door and Connect to the fire door controller. The difference is that the fire door controller power supply AC220V should be selected, and the power supply should be supplied according to the requirements of fire power supply. Due to the frequent The open fire door will be closed immediately when encountering a fire alarm, which requires high power supply. However, the requirements for the minimum continuous power supply time during a fire are not high. The author believes that it can be determined in no less than 10 minutes, and should meet the fire protection supply Specification requirements for electrical wiring. Unless there are special requirements, there is no fire alarm system in the building Normally open fire doors generally do not need to set upcentralized door opening signal feedback.

2.3. 2.2 Equipped with safety control and alarm escape door lock systemFire door

Independent safety control and alarm escape door lock system products should be used.If there are no special requirements, there is generally no need to set up centralized door opening signal feedback.

3 Summary

Normally open fire door and escape door lock system equipped with safety control and alarmUnified fire doors are not only important in buildings that require electrical professional supporting designThe need for fire protection facilities is also due to the development of fire protection technology and management in recent years It is necessary to strengthen the study and research of the electrical specialty to strengthen the emerging new topicsRespond to it.At present, the selection of normally closed and normally open fire doors in national fire protection code The principle and the setting regulations of normally open fire doors are very unclear; Opposite setting

The setting of fire doors with safety control and alarm escape door lock systems makes
The use has not been involved. The current fire prevention regulations are in line with the Ministry of Public Security and some local fire prevention regulationsThere are obvious differences between prevention regulations in this respect, and different local prevention regulations There are also obvious differences between defense regulations. To a certain extent, it increases

The difficulty of design, review and project implementation is reviewed. It is suggested that the national fire protection regulations are recommended The standard establishment department strengthens research and overall coordination, and builds a review of this type of relationshipApplication standards for building fire safety facilities shall be provided in the form of standards as soon as possibleTo unify.